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Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously. 相似文献
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低分子量有机酸对可变电荷土壤吸附铝的影响机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过吸附性铝的解吸实验研究了低分子量有机酸对三种可变电荷土壤(2种砖红壤和1种赤红壤)吸附铝的影响机制,结果表明,柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸等带有3个及3个以上活性官能团的有机酸在低pH条件下可以通过形成土壤一有机酸一铝三元表面络合物和增加土壤的表面负电荷两种机制显著增加土壤对铝离子的吸附量,但以前一种影响机制为主。乳酸、水杨酸、草酸和丙二酸等带有2个活性官能团的有机酸仅通过改变土壤的表面负电荷影响铝的吸附。土壤氧化铁是土壤吸附有机酸的主要载体,当用化学方法将土壤中的氧化铁除去后,有机酸对铝吸附的影响变小。在pH5.0时有机酸主要通过形成可溶性有机铝络合物减小土壤对铝的吸附,但有机酸的存在增加了Al^3 在吸附性铝中所占的比例,导致铝的解吸率增加。土壤中大量氧化铁的存在使其即使在低pH下也能对铝离子发生专性吸附,导致吸附性铝的解吸率减小。 相似文献
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精细化工厂生产过程中排放酸性废水,盐化工厂产生碱性盐泥,可用之中和酸性废水。用两种方案确定反应比例关系。经过讨论建议选用方案二为实际应用方案。 相似文献
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重视城市污水集中处理投资,收费与运营市场化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
常纪文 《中国人口.资源与环境》2000,10(3):60-62
本文深入研究了国外城市污水处理的成功经验。就城市污水处理市场化进程中,建立什么样的投资,收费与运营模式进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Totsche O Fyson A Kalin M Steinberg CE 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(4):215-224
Background, Aims and Scope The acidification of mine waters is generally caused by metal sulfide oxidation, related to mining activities. These waters
are characterized by low pH and high acidity due to strong buffering systems. The standard acidity parameter, the Base Neutralization
Capacity (BNC) is determined by endpoint titration, and reflects a cumulative parameter of both hydrogen ions and all buffering
systems, but does not give information on the individual buffer systems. We demonstrate that a detailed interpretation of
titration curves can provide information about the strength of the buffering systems. The buffering systems are of importance
for environmental studies and treatment of acidic mining waters.
Methods Titrations were carried out by means of an automatic titrator using acidic mining waters from Germany and Canada. The curves
were interpreted, compared with each other, to endpoint titration results and to elemental concentrations contained therein.
Results and Discussion The titration curves were highly reproducible, and contained information about the strength of the buffer systems present.
Interpretations are given, and the classification and comparison of acidic mining waters, by the nature and strength of their
buffering systems derived from titration curves are discussed. The BNC-values calculated from the curves were more precise
than the ones determined by the standard endpoint titration method. Due to the complex buffer mechanisms in acidic mining
waters, the calculation of major metal concentrations from the shape of the titration curve resulted in estimates, which should
not be confused with precise elemental analysis results.
Conclusion Titration curves provide an inexpensive, valuable and versatile tool, by which to obtain sophisticated information of the
acidity in acidic water. The information about the strength of the present buffer systems can help to understand and document
the complex nature of acidic mining water buffer systems. Finally, the interpretation of titration curves could help to improve
treatment measurements and the ecological understanding of these acidic waters. 相似文献